International legal services in Türkiye › Criminal proceedings
Criminal Lawyer in Turkey: Arrest, Detention and Defence
Legal information notice
This publication provides general information on Turkish law as of its stated review date. It does not create an attorney–client relationship; documents, time limits, jurisdiction and current rules require a matter-specific assessment.
Contact usDirect answer: A criminal lawyer in Turkey may assist a foreign suspect, defendant, victim or family from the first police contact through investigation, trial and appeal. If somebody has been arrested or detained, first confirm the person’s full identity, location, investigating authority and file number. Do not rely on an unofficial translation or sign a statement that has not been understood. The correct response depends on whether the person is being interviewed, held in police custody, referred to a prosecutor, brought before a judge or remanded in prison.
This guide is written for foreign nationals facing criminal proceedings in Türkiye, overseas relatives trying to locate a detained person, and foreign victims who need to protect their rights. Attorney Emirhan Keskin is registered with the Mersin Bar Association under registration number 5507 and works from Mersin. Documents may be sent electronically for an initial scope review. Every criminal file is fact-specific; no result, release decision or timetable can be guaranteed.
Criminal lawyer in Turkey: what should happen first?
| Situation | Information to obtain now | Immediate legal focus |
|---|---|---|
| Police or gendarmerie contact | Station, officer/unit, reason for contact and whether attendance is voluntary | Status as witness, complainant or suspect; lawyer and interpreter arrangements |
| Arrest or police custody | Exact place, time of arrest, custody record and prosecutor’s office | Access to defence, notification, medical records, interview and custody review |
| Prosecutor interview | Investigation number, alleged offence and available evidence | Statement strategy, exculpatory evidence and request for release |
| Referral for pre-trial detention | Referral document and competent Criminal Court of Peace | Necessity, proportionality, evidence, flight risk and alternatives to detention |
| Criminal court case | Indictment, court, case number and hearing date | Defence plan, evidence requests, attendance and appeal deadlines |
| Foreign victim or complainant | Incident record, complaint, medical/financial evidence and suspect details | Preserving evidence, participation, compensation route and service abroad |
| Prison or detention facility | Institution name, prisoner details, decision and family contact | Lawyer visit, consular contact, family visit rules and case status |
Criminal procedure moves through defined stages. An investigation is generally conducted by the public prosecutor, with police or gendarmerie acting under prosecutorial authority. Prosecution begins after an indictment is accepted by the criminal court. Advice suitable for a witness interview may be unsafe for a suspect, and a detention objection is different from the defence on the merits.
1. Arrested or detained in Turkey
An arrest does not itself mean that a person has been convicted. The immediate questions are whether the arrest was recorded, when custody began, which prosecutor is responsible, what offence is alleged and when the person will be released or brought before the competent authority. The current custody period and any extension must be checked against the offence, number of suspects and current legislation; generic internet timelines should not replace the actual record.
The official Regulation on Arrest, Custody and Taking Statements governs records and safeguards at this stage. The custody file may include arrest and rights forms, interpreter information, medical examinations, property records, interview minutes and notifications. Dates and signatures should be preserved because later review may depend on what happened at a particular time.
A criminal lawyer in Turkey can seek access to the client, identify the investigating authority, review materials available at that stage, attend the statement and raise lawful objections. Access to the full investigation file can sometimes be restricted by a judicial decision, but this does not remove the need to assess the allegation, the client’s rights and the documents that are available.
2. Police statement, questioning and the right to remain silent
A foreign national should understand both the allegation and each question before answering. A statement is not a casual conversation. Inconsistent guesses, an inaccurate translation or signing minutes without checking them can create lasting problems. The person’s status must be made clear: a witness, victim, complainant and suspect have different procedural positions.
A suspect has defence rights, including access to a lawyer and the right not to make a self-incriminating statement. Whether a detailed statement, a limited response or silence is appropriate requires an individual assessment of the disclosed allegation and evidence. Silence is a legal right, not an automatic strategy for every file. Before the minutes are signed, names, times, questions, answers, interpreter details and any correction should be checked.
Where physical evidence, messages, camera footage, travel records, bank movements or digital devices may matter, preservation should begin immediately. Do not delete messages, alter an account or ask another person to change evidence. A lawful defence is built from an accurate chronology and authentic material.
3. Interpreter and consular communication
A person who cannot adequately express himself or herself in Turkish may require an interpreter in the investigation or prosecution. Article 202 of the Criminal Procedure Code provides the legal framework for interpretation, and judicial commissions maintain interpreter lists. Interpretation should be accurate and neutral. If the person does not understand the interpreter, terminology or written minutes, that issue should be recorded promptly.
For a detained foreign national, consular communication can be important for family notification, identity and practical support. Consular officers do not replace a Turkish defence lawyer and do not control the court, but they may assist within their consular function. The Ministry of Justice has also published guidance on notification of a foreign national’s detention under Article 107 of the Criminal Procedure Code and the Vienna Convention framework. The embassies and consulates in Turkey guide provides the official mission search, Article 36 framework and emergency document checklist.
Nationality, dual nationality and the person’s expressed request can affect the notification analysis. Record what was requested, when it was requested and whether the relevant consulate was contacted. For current diplomatic contact information, use an official foreign ministry or embassy source rather than an unofficial directory.
4. Prosecutor review and pre-trial detention
After custody, the prosecutor may order release, request a judicial-control measure or refer the suspect to the Criminal Court of Peace with a request for pre-trial detention. Detention is a procedural measure, not a punishment. The judge should assess the applicable statutory grounds, the evidence and whether a less restrictive measure is sufficient.
Useful material may include a verified address, passport and immigration status, family and employment ties, health records, travel history, evidence addressing the alleged offence and a realistic explanation of how the person will comply with judicial obligations. Foreign nationality alone should not be treated as proof that somebody will abscond; the individual facts still matter.
If detention is ordered, the decision and reasoning should be obtained. Objection routes, periodic review, access to evidence and later release requests should be tracked separately. A criminal lawyer in Turkey should also check whether the criminal process has produced a parallel immigration consequence such as a residence-permit issue, administrative detention or removal decision. Those matters may require a separate remedy under foreigners law.
5. Investigation, indictment, trial and appeal
The investigation stage may end with a decision not to prosecute or with an indictment. If the court accepts the indictment, the case proceeds to trial. The indictment, evidence list and hearing notice define the next tasks: jurisdiction, legal classification, witness and expert evidence, digital material, translation, attendance and time limits.
Not every defendant can remain abroad throughout the case. A court may require personal attendance, order compulsory appearance or issue an arrest measure depending on the file. Remote participation may be technically and legally possible in some circumstances, but it is not a universal right and should never be promised before the court record is checked.
After judgment, ordinary appeal routes may include regional appellate review and, where legally available, review by the Court of Cassation. The remedy and deadline depend on the decision, service and current procedural rules. The complete reasoned judgment and service record are essential; a hearing result relayed by telephone is not enough.
6. Foreign defendant and foreign victim: different case plans
A foreign defendant’s plan normally focuses on the allegation, evidence, liberty, attendance, interpretation, service abroad and any immigration impact. A foreign victim’s plan may focus on making or maintaining a complaint, preserving medical or financial evidence, identifying losses, participating in the prosecution and coordinating a separate compensation claim where appropriate.
Foreign victims should not assume that leaving Türkiye automatically ends their rights. Depending on the offence and procedural stage, a lawyer may be able to file documents, follow the investigation and attend proceedings, but personal attendance can still be required for a statement, identification or hearing. Address and service information must remain current.
The Ministry of Justice’s official English legal-aid guide states that non-Turkish citizens have the same right to criminal legal aid as Turkish citizens in criminal investigations and prosecutions. Court-appointed assistance and privately instructed representation are different arrangements; the person should understand which one is being used.
7. Criminal proceedings in Mersin
In Mersin, the responsible authority may be a district police or gendarmerie unit, the Mersin Chief Public Prosecutor’s Office, a Criminal Court of Peace, a Criminal Court of First Instance or a High Criminal Court. The alleged offence and procedural stage determine the competent authority; the label “Mersin criminal case” alone does not identify the court.
For an urgent Mersin file, provide the exact station, courthouse, prosecutor or court, file number, full passport name and date of birth. If a family member only knows that the person is “in Mersin prison,” the institution must first be identified. A courthouse directory or prison list can help locate the authority, but it is not a substitute for case-specific legal review.
Attorney Emirhan Keskin’s office is in Mersin. Local presence can assist with document collection, lawyer visits and following the responsible Mersin authority, while cross-border communication with the client or family can be organised electronically.
8. Prison, lawyer visits and consular visits
A police custody unit, a removal centre and a prison are legally different places. First confirm where the person is held and under which decision. A detainee or convicted prisoner in a criminal institution may be visited by a lawyer under the applicable rules. Family and other visits are subject to identity, relationship, approved-visitor, schedule and security requirements.
The Ministry of Justice Directorate General of Prisons and Detention Houses publishes official information on visits to foreign prisoners and detainees. Its guidance explains that diplomatic or consular visit requests follow specific procedures and that different advance-application rules may apply to ordinary and terrorism/organised-crime files. The institution and current official instructions should be confirmed before travel. Our foreign national in a Turkish prison guide provides a focused contact, visit, health, file and sentence-information checklist.
Families should send a clear passport copy, relationship evidence, the prisoner’s full identity and the institution name before asking about a visit. A criminal lawyer in Turkey may communicate with the detained client under professional rules, examine the criminal case within the permitted scope and explain the next procedural event to authorised relatives without disclosing protected information improperly.
Emergency 8-step checklist
- Confirm the place: police station, courthouse, prison or removal centre.
- Use the passport identity: provide the full name, nationality, date of birth and passport number accurately.
- Record the timeline: when and where the contact, arrest, search, seizure and interview occurred.
- Identify the authority: police/gendarmerie unit, prosecutor, court and file number.
- Arrange understanding: request a lawyer and an interpreter where needed; do not sign misunderstood minutes.
- Preserve evidence: keep messages, tickets, camera information, receipts, medical records and witness details unchanged.
- Check parallel files: separate the criminal case from any residence, removal or administrative-detention decision.
- Track every deadline: obtain the written decision and proof of notification before calculating a remedy.
Documents for an initial criminal-case review
- passport identity page and current contact information;
- arrest, custody, rights, search and seizure records;
- police, prosecutor and court statement minutes;
- investigation or case number and the responsible authority;
- judicial-control or pre-trial detention decision;
- indictment, hearing minutes, reasoned judgment and service records;
- medical reports and photographs obtained lawfully;
- messages, contracts, bank records or travel evidence relevant to the allegation;
- names and reliable contact details of witnesses; and
- a short chronology separating known facts from assumptions.
Can the case be handled without travelling to Turkey?
Initial document review and communication can usually begin from abroad. A power of attorney may be prepared through a Turkish consulate or, where appropriate, before a foreign notary with the required apostille/legalisation and Turkish translation. The correct wording depends on the task.
However, a criminal court or prosecutor may require the suspect, defendant, victim or witness to be present. An outstanding arrest warrant, compulsory-appearance order, travel restriction or border record can materially change the advice. Before booking a flight, a criminal lawyer in Turkey should review the available file and explain what can be handled by counsel and what may require personal participation.
International evidence or service may involve formal judicial-cooperation channels. The Ministry of Justice’s Criminal Judicial Assistance and Service Bureau describes cross-border work including statements, documents, searches, transfer of proceedings, enforcement and service. Private email cannot replace a formal request where the law requires official cooperation.
Frequently asked questions
Can a lawyer find out where a foreign national is detained?
A reliable search needs the person’s exact passport identity, date and place of the last contact and the suspected authority. Police custody, a prison and a removal centre use different procedures. Once the location and authority are identified, counsel can assess the available access and case-information route.
Do foreign suspects have a right to an interpreter?
A person who does not speak Turkish sufficiently to understand and participate in the proceedings may require interpretation under the Criminal Procedure Code. The need and any translation problem should be raised and recorded at the earliest stage.
Will the consulate provide a defence lawyer?
A consulate may provide information or a list of local lawyers and may exercise consular functions, but it does not act as the Turkish criminal court or automatically conduct the defence. The defence lawyer and consular officer have different roles.
Can family members receive the whole criminal file?
Not automatically. Investigation secrecy, personal data, defence confidentiality and the client’s instructions affect what may be disclosed. Authorised relatives can still provide documents and receive appropriate procedural updates.
Does release from police custody end the case?
No. A person may be released while the investigation continues, with or without judicial-control obligations. The file number, future service address and any restriction should be tracked.
Can a criminal case cause deportation?
Criminal and immigration procedures are separate, but an allegation, conviction or public-order assessment may produce an immigration decision. A written removal or detention decision requires its own prompt review. See the guide to immigration and deportation proceedings in Turkey.
Can documents be sent electronically?
Yes, readable copies can be sent for an initial scope review. The full file, original, certified copy, translation or formal power of attorney may still be required for an official step.
Criminal lawyer in Turkey: what should happen first?
Criminal procedure moves through defined stages. An investigation is generally conducted by the public prosecutor, with police or gendarmerie acting under prosecutorial authority. Prosecution begins after an indictment is accepted by the criminal court. Advice suitable for a witness interview may be unsafe for a suspect, and a detention objection is different from the defence on the merits.
What legal rule applies to 1. Arrested or detained in Turkey?
An arrest does not itself mean that a person has been convicted. The immediate questions are whether the arrest was recorded, when custody began, which prosecutor is responsible, what offence is alleged and when the person will be released or brought before the competent authority. The current custody period and any extension must be checked against the offence, number of suspects and current legislation; generic internet timelines should not replace the actual record. The official Regulation on Arrest, Custody and Taking Statements governs records and safeguards at this stage. The custody file may include arrest and rights forms, interpreter information, medical examinations, property records, interview minute
What legal rule applies to 2. Police statement, questioning and the right to remain silent?
A foreign national should understand both the allegation and each question before answering. A statement is not a casual conversation. Inconsistent guesses, an inaccurate translation or signing minutes without checking them can create lasting problems. The person’s status must be made clear: a witness, victim, complainant and suspect have different procedural positions. A suspect has defence rights, including access to a lawyer and the right not to make a self-incriminating statement. Whether a detailed statement, a limited response or silence is appropriate requires an individual assessment of the disclosed allegation and evidence. Silence is a legal right, not an automatic strategy for every file. Before the
Related international legal services
- Immigration, deportation and administrative detention
- Recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments
- Legal services for foreign companies in Turkey
- International legal services in Turkey
Official sources
- Ministry of Justice: Regulation on Arrest, Custody and Taking Statements
- Ministry of Justice: English criminal legal-aid guidance
- Directorate General of Prisons: foreign prisoner and consular visit guidance
- Ministry of Justice: Criminal Judicial Assistance and Service Bureau
Contact the Mersin office
For an initial scope review, send the person’s exact passport identity, current location, authority/file number, written decisions and a short chronology. Call +90 552 224 43 66, send the documents by WhatsApp or email the office. Please do not send passwords or unrelated sensitive data.
Last reviewed: 2 September 2026. This page provides general information and is not a substitute for advice on an individual file. Criminal procedure, court practice and deadlines must be checked against the current legislation and the actual decision.
First-hours protocol after arrest or detention in Türkiye
The first practical task is to identify the authority, location, file reference and legal status of the person concerned. “Taken to the police station,” “detained,” “arrested by a court” and “held for an identity or immigration check” describe different legal positions. Family members should record the exact time and place of the last contact, the unit involved, any document number and the person’s nationality, medication and language needs. They should avoid circulating unverified accusations or alleged evidence online.
A suspect has procedural rights under Turkish law, including access to defence and interpretation where the person cannot understand Turkish. The content and timing of access to the file can be restricted in legally defined circumstances, so an initial defence assessment may develop as decisions and evidence become available. A lawyer’s role at this stage is not to promise release but to identify the legal measure, protect participation rights, review the allegation within the available record and prepare the next procedural application.
Interpreter, consular contact and accurate communication
A foreign national should not sign a statement that they do not understand. Interpretation must be meaningful for the specific procedural act; conversational ability in Turkish does not necessarily establish an ability to understand legal terminology. Any problem with interpretation, translation or the recording of an answer should be raised promptly and accurately. Privately obtained translations can help the defence team prepare, but they do not automatically replace an official procedural interpreter.
Consular notification and consular assistance are distinct from legal representation. Depending on nationality, wishes and applicable rules, a consulate may help with family contact, a list of lawyers or welfare issues, but it does not direct the Turkish investigation or replace defence counsel. The lawyer and consulate can coordinate within their separate roles and applicable confidentiality rules.
Digital evidence, devices and online accounts
Phones, computers, cloud accounts, location records and messaging data can become significant. A person should not delete, alter or remotely wipe potential evidence, ask another person to do so, or guess passwords in a way that changes data. The legality, scope, documentation and forensic handling of a search or seizure must be assessed from the record. Screenshots supplied by a complainant may require context, participant identification and authenticity review.
Families and companies should preserve relevant lawful copies, identify custodians and record the chain by which material was obtained. They should not access another person’s account without authority. Where commercial secrets or personal data are mixed with potentially relevant evidence, the defence strategy should address necessity, scope and confidentiality through lawful procedures rather than public disclosure.
Judicial control, arrest and later review
Release, judicial-control measures and pre-trial arrest have different consequences. A decision may refer to appearance duties, travel restrictions or other obligations. Compliance should be planned immediately, especially when the person ordinarily lives abroad. Objection and review routes are deadline-sensitive; the served or announced decision and the current Code of Criminal Procedure must be checked for the specific remedy.
Pre-trial arrest is not a finding of guilt. Its continuation is subject to judicial assessment, while the investigation and defence evidence continue. A useful submission addresses the statutory grounds with concrete facts: residence and contact information, travel history, evidence already secured, risk of interference, the nature of the allegation and whether a less restrictive measure can address the identified concern.
Preparing a cross-border defence file
- passport and current contact or residence information;
- the authority, location, file number and every decision served;
- a chronology of events, travel, meetings and communications;
- names and lawful contact details of witnesses;
- contracts, invoices, tickets, access records, images or medical documents relevant to the allegation;
- information about language, health, medication and urgent welfare needs;
- details of any parallel immigration, employment, family or commercial process; and
- one authorised family or company contact for coordinated communication.
Documents issued abroad may later require certification and Turkish translation. Material should be delivered securely and without editing the originals. A document that appears helpful can also raise a new question; the defence team should review the complete context before it is submitted.
Coordination for relatives and employers outside Türkiye
Remote coordination works best through one verified contact. That person can collect documents, confirm instructions and receive non-confidential procedural updates within the client’s authority. Employers should distinguish welfare support from decisions about company data, devices or employment status. Family members should understand that professional secrecy may prevent disclosure of some information without the client’s consent.
Travel, accommodation, replacement documents and consular issues may need parallel planning. None of these logistical steps determines the criminal case. Public campaigns, direct contact with witnesses or pressure on a complainant can harm the defence and may create separate risk.
Official sources and source-control date
- Code of Criminal Procedure No. 5271
- Turkish Criminal Code No. 5237
- Constitution of the Republic of Türkiye
Legal-source control date: 3 September 2026. The allegation, decision, service record and current consolidated legislation must be reviewed before a deadline-sensitive step.
Related English guides: Immigration and deportation · Commercial disputes · International legal services · Debt collection
Related legal guides
Criminal Proceedings and DetentionForeign National in a Turkish Prison: Contact and Legal StepsForeign national in a Turkish prison: locate the institution, arrange lawyer, family and consular contact, check case status and prepare documents.Read the guide 
Criminal Proceedings and DetentionDetained or Arrested in Turkey: Rights of Foreign NationalsRights of foreign nationals detained or arrested in Turkey, including counsel, silence, interpreters, consular contact and legal-status checks.Read the guide 
Immigration, Residence and DeportationEmbassies and Consulates in TurkeyEmbassies and consulates in Turkey: official mission search, detention and prison contact, lost passports, powers of attorney, apostille and legal help.Read the guide